St. Mary Our Lady of the Rosary

Pope Leo XIV meets with the Brothers of the Christian Schools on May 15, 2025, at the Vatican. / Credit: Vatican Media

Vatican City, May 15, 2025 / 18:03 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV on Thursday lamented that today’s youth must deal with “relativism,” “emotional instability,” and “superficiality,” although he called for transforming these challenges of the contemporary age into “springboards.”

The pontiff received the Brothers of the Christian Schools, founded by St. John Baptist de La Salle, on May 15 at the Vatican. He reminded them of the importance of experiencing teaching as a “ministry and mission” to help young people give their best according to God’s plan.

In his address, he listed the obstacles facing the younger generations: “Think of the isolation caused by rampant relational models increasingly marked by superficiality, individualism, and emotional instability; the spread of patterns of thought weakened by relativism; and the prevalence of rhythms and lifestyles in which there is not enough room for listening, reflection, and dialogue, at school, in the family, and sometimes among peers themselves, with consequent loneliness.”

These “demanding challenges,” he noted, must become “springboards” to “develop tools and adopt new languages to continue to touch the hearts of pupils, helping them and spurring them on to face every obstacle with courage in order to give the best of themselves in life, according to God’s plan.”

At the meeting, which took place against the backdrop of two special anniversaries: the third centenary of the promulgation of the bull In Apostolicae Dignitatis Solio, with which Benedict XIII approved the order and its rule (Jan. 26, 1725), and the 75th anniversary of Pius XII’s proclamation of St. John Baptist de La Salle as patron saint of educators (1950). 

“Young people of our time, like those of every age, are a volcano of life, energy, sentiments, and ideas. It can be seen from the wonderful things they are able to do, in so many fields. However, they also need help in order for this great wealth to grow in harmony and to overcome what, albeit in a different way to the past, can still hinder their healthy development,” he stated.

The American pontiff praised their presence, which continues to bring “the freshness of a rich and vast educational entity,” and focused in his address on the ministry and missionary dimension of teaching.

He thus quoted St. John Baptist de La Salle, who responded to the plea of ​​a layman, Adrian Nyel, who was struggling to keep his schools for the poor going.

“Your founder recognized in his request for help a sign of God; he accepted the challenge and set to work. Thus, beyond his own intentions and expectations, he brought to life a new teaching system: that of the Christian Schools, free and open to everyone,” the pope stated.

The pontiff also highlighted in his speech La Salle’s ability to respond creatively to the many difficulties of his time, also “venturing onto new and often unexplored paths,” and appreciated that this French saint and educator launched the “pedagogical revolution” of teaching directed at the entire class rather than individual students.

Another innovative element introduced by La Salle was “the adoption of French as the language of instruction; Sunday lessons, in which even young people forced to work on weekdays were able to participate; and the involvement of families in the school curriculum.”

This entire legacy, he emphasized, should serve as a model for today’s educators.

Under this premise, teacher training should be based on that principle so dear to La Salle: “teaching lived as ministry and mission, as [a form of consecrated life] in the Church.” 

Leo XIV also recalled the principle of “evangelizing by educating and educating by evangelizing,” ultimately emphasizing the importance of “synergy” among all the “formative components.”

Finally, he urged that “fruitful paths of holiness” be fostered and promoted among young people.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Meetings took place this week between the head of the transitional phase in Syria, Ahmed al-Sharaa, and U.S. President Donald Trump, in the presence of the Saudi Crown Prince, Prince Mohammed bin Salman in Riyadh. / Credit: Syrian Arab Republic Presidency Facebook page

ACI MENA, May 15, 2025 / 17:33 pm (CNA).

In a surprising announcement made this week from Saudi Arabia, U.S. President Donald Trump declared that the United States would fully lift its sanctions on Syria. The announcement sparked applause in the hall where Trump was speaking, echoed in the hearts of Syrians watching from afar with joy and hope.

The announcement was followed by a landmark meeting between Syria’s Transitional President Ahmed Al-Sharaa and Trump in the presence of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who joined via video conference.

Syrian currency strengthens

The first signs of impact were immediate, according to ACI MENA, CNA’s Arabic-language news partner. The Syrian pound immediately saw a notable improvement — rising by nearly 30% against the U.S. dollar. This financial shift, if sustained, could help curb inflation and ease the burden of securing daily necessities, especially food, in a country where many families struggle to afford three meals a day.

Revival of ‘free professions’ and small businesses

For decades, many Syrian Christians have relied on “free professions,” trade, and small industries as their primary sources of income. (Free professions involve work in which the individual works independently, such as a self-employed person, or working automously within a firm or company.)

Yet their efforts to build a stable life have often faced historical setbacks — from Ottoman-era restrictions to the nationalization policies of the late 1950s and 1960s, and later the Assad regime’s tight economic controls that led to escalating international sanctions starting in 1979, when Syria was designated a state sponsor of terrorism.

The lifting of sanctions now offers a significant economic opening, particularly if it is accompanied by internal economic reforms. Such a shift could reduce unemployment among Christians, boost purchasing power, and slow the migration trend that has deeply impacted Christian communities. Historically, economic hardship and compulsory military service — now reportedly abolished — have been major factors driving Christians to leave. Improved living conditions could also help strengthen national security and rebuild confidence in the country’s stability.

Toward reconstruction and investment

The widespread destruction caused by years of conflict has turned Syria into a potential hub for international investment. However, sanctions and monopolistic control by Assad-linked networks have long deterred investors.

Now, with the sanctions lifted, Syria is expected to witness significant economic revival, bolstered by the entry of major Arab and international companies. There is also speculation that this U.S. move may encourage the European Union to follow suit, which could further revitalize critical sectors such as electricity, water, energy, and public services.

On the ecclesial level, church communities are expected to become more active, particularly in the areas of health care and education — fields where Christians have long played a leading role. This could translate into meaningful advancements in these sectors, benefiting the wider Syrian society.

This story was first published by ACI MENA, CNA's Arabic-language news partner, and has been translated for and adapted by CNA.

Cardinal Timothy Dolan, archbishop of New York, with Sister Mary Bosco of the Sisters of Mercy, a 100-year-old Irish nun who taught him to “love and serve the Lord.” / Credit: Photo courtesy of Cardinal Dolan

ACI Prensa Staff, May 15, 2025 / 17:03 pm (CNA).

Cardinal Timothy Dolan, archbishop of New York, shared a video on May 14 in which he appears with Sister Mary Bosco of the Sisters of Mercy, a 100-year-old Irish nun who taught him to “love and serve the Lord.”

“I’m in Tullamore, Ireland, with my beloved Sister Mary Bosco! She’s 100 years old and she taught me when I was just a little boy,” the cardinal explained in a video posted on X after being in Rome participating in the conclave in which Pope Leo XIV was elected.

“Choosing is always important for God — he chooses us! I thank God for Sister Bosco’s vocation, the call of Pope Leo, for St. Matthias [whose feast day is May 14], and for my parents, who chose to get married today in 1949,” he added.

“That’s choice in action! Thank God for calling us,” he concluded. 

On Jan. 4, Dolan congratulated Sister Mary Bosco in a video message on her 100th birthday, noting that she “played a crucial role in my life,” as she was his teacher in second, fourth, and fifth grade.

“She taught me wisdom, she taught me knowledge, she taught me to put Jesus first. She taught me to know, love, and serve the Lord, she taught me to love the Church, to desire to receive the Lord in holy Communion and to strive to do my best to live the commandments and the beatitudes,” he recounted in January.

“I don’t know where I would be without her,” he shared at the time.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy Jr. testifies before the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions on Capitol Hill on May 14, 2025, in Washington, D.C. / Credit: Samuel Corum/Getty Images

CNA Staff, May 15, 2025 / 16:33 pm (CNA).

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is reviewing the regulation and labeling of the abortion pill mifepristone following new evidence of safety concerns regarding its current use, U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy Jr. said on Wednesday.

More than 1 in 10 women who take the abortion pill mifepristone to complete a chemical abortion will suffer a serious health complication within 45 days of taking the drug, a recent study by the Ethics and Public Policy Center found.

The study also found that the rate of serious adverse side effects occurs at 22 times the rate that the FDA-approved drug label currently indicates.

“It’s alarming, and clearly it indicates that, at very least, the label should be changed,” Kennedy said when asked about the study by Sen. Josh Hawley, R-Missouri, during a Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee hearing. 

During the hearing, Kennedy said that he has asked FDA director Marty Makary to “do a complete review and report back.” The FDA is an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services.

On Wednesday, a coalition of more than 100 organizations called for a review and restoration of previous federal safety regulations for the abortion drug in light of the study.

The open letter noted that under the Obama and Biden administrations, the FDA had removed various safety requirements including requirements for in-person prescriptions, provider follow-ups, and a doctor to be involved at any stage of the chemical abortion process.

“The evidence strongly suggests that mifepristone is unacceptably dangerous, and those who removed such protections put American women directly in harm’s way,” read the letter, which was signed by groups such as Americans United for Life, the Ethics and Public Policy Center, the American Association of Pro-Life OBGYNs, and dozens of other groups.

Various Catholic organizations are among the letter’s signatories, including the Catholic conferences of Colorado and Oklahoma.

“We encourage the administration and FDA to put the safety of women first and take a serious look at the data showing chemical abortion is neither safe nor effective,” the letter stated.

American Civil Liberties Union’s Julia Kaye, senior staff attorney for the Reproductive Freedom Project, criticized Kennedy’s decision to review the pill.

“If the FDA moves forward with this politically motivated review, that is a dangerous sign that the president is going back on his promises to voters not to restrict abortion access even further,” Kaye said in a statement.

In an interview last December, President Donald Trump promised that he would not ban the abortion pill but did not rule out regulating the drugs. Earlier this year, Kennedy said he planned to investigate safety concerns related to mifepristone.

Last week, Trump’s nominee for deputy secretary of the HHS, Jim O’Neill, also pledged to conduct a review of the safety of mifepristone in light of the EPPC’s study.

Chemical abortions make up 63% of abortions in the U.S., according to data from the Guttmacher Institute.

According to the EPPC, its study is the most comprehensive research on the abortion pill to date and is based on an insurance claims dataset that is 28 times larger than all the FDA-cited clinical trials.

Pope Leo XIV waves to the crowd gathered on St. Peter’ s Square for the Regina Coeli on Sunday, May 11, 2025. / Credit: Daniel Ibáñez/CNA

Vatican City, May 15, 2025 / 16:03 pm (CNA).

The pontificate of Pope Leo XIV can bring new impetus to the Church’s evangelical mission in the world today, theologian and philosopher George Weigel said this week.    

Weigel held a public lecture on Wednesday at Rome’s Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas — also known as the Angelicum — on the “10 Markers of a Church ‘Permanently in Mission,’” which highlighted criteria including the need for friendship with Christ, acceptance of the authority of divine revelation, the sacraments, the call to constant conversion of life, and a “liturgically-centred form of Catholic life.”

During the lecture, the American theologian expressed his hope that “the authentic Catholic reform” begun by Pope Leo XIII at the end of the 19th century will be “further accelerated” by Pope Leo XIV, whose papal inaugural Mass will take place on Sunday, May 18.

“Pope Leo XIV struck that missionary note in his presentation of himself to the Church and the world last Thursday evening when he called the Church to be faithful to Jesus Christ without fear,” Weigel said, reflecting on the new pontiff’s first “urbi et orbi” blessing. 

According to Weigel, Pope Leo XIV is an “absolutely pivotal figure” who has the ability, through his own pontificate, to carry out Pope Leo XIII’s vision of the Church as a “great institutional promoter and defender of basic human rights” in society.

In light of Pope Leo XIII’s encyclical letter Rerum Novarum  — a key Vatican document outlining the foundations of Catholic social doctrine released on May 15, 1891 — Weigel propounded that “it is only Christ” who, through the Church, can be an intentional force of good and humanize the world amid suffering.

“The Church of the ‘new evangelization’ recognizes that in offering everyone the profoundly countercultural possibility of friendship with the Lord Jesus, it offers the postmodern world something postmodernity desperately needs — an encounter with the divine mercy,” he said.  

“The Gospel liberates postmodern humanity from its cynical nihilism, its skepticism, and its burden of guilt form of a tacit, if not inarticulate, understanding of the awfulness that humanity visited upon itself throughout the 20th century,” he added. 

The “Leonine revolution” that began in the Church more than 100 years ago should spur Catholics to go deeper into how to “engage the world in order to convert the world” as missionaries faithful to the Gospel, Weigel said on Wednesday. 

“A Church permanently on mission seeks to be a culture-forming [and] counterculture for the world, its healing, and its conversion,” he said, pointing out the ineffectiveness of a “church of maybe” that is timid, lukewarm, and lacks conviction.

Pope Leo XIV gives a blessing during a meeting with participants in the Jubilee of Eastern Churches on May 14, 2025, in the Paul VI Audience Hall at the Vatican. / Credit: Vatican Media

Vatican City, May 15, 2025 / 15:33 pm (CNA).

In the first week of Pope Leo XIV’s pontificate, his preaching and speeches have featured quotations from saints and Church Fathers from St. Ignatius of Antioch to St. Gregory the Great.

The Catholic Church’s first pope from the Augustinian order is already helping to educate the faithful through his deep knowledge of the Church Fathers. Here is who he has been citing in the foundation-setting first week of his pontificate.

St. Augustine (354–430)

Catholics are virtually guaranteed to be hearing a lot more great quotes from St. Augustine in the upcoming years of this pontificate. 

In his first appearance on the loggia of St. Peter’s Basilica on May 8, Pope Leo said: “I am an Augustinian, a son of St. Augustine, who once said, ‘With you I am a Christian, and for you I am a bishop.’”

Leo gifted us with another classic St. Augustine quote again during his speech to journalists on May 12: “Let us live well and the times will be good. We are the times (Discourse 80.8).”

His papal motto under his coat of arms also features a line from St. Augustine, “In Illo uno unum,” which means “In the One, we are one.” It comes from a discussion of Psalm 128 (127 in the Latin Vulgate) in Augustine’s “Expositions of the Psalms”: “It is not as though he were one and we many; no, we who are many are one in him, who is one.”

St. Ignatius of Antioch (second century)

In his first Mass as pope, Leo XIV identified himself as the successor of Peter with St. Ignatius of Antioch, who was famously martyred by being thrown to the lions. 

In his homily in the Sistine Chapel on May 9 he reflected on a line from St. Ignatius of Antioch’s second-century “Letter to the Romans”: “Then I will truly be a disciple of Jesus Christ, when the world no longer sees my body.” 

“I say this first of all to myself, as the successor of Peter, as I begin my mission as bishop of Rome and, according to the well-known expression of St. Ignatius of Antioch, am called to preside in charity over the universal Church (cf. Letter to the Romans, Prologue),” Leo said. 

“St. Ignatius, who was led in chains to this city, the place of his impending sacrifice, wrote to the Christians there: ‘Then I will truly be a disciple of Jesus Christ, when the world no longer sees my body’ (Letter to the Romans, IV, 1).

“Ignatius was speaking about being devoured by wild beasts in the arena — and so it happened — but his words apply more generally to an indispensable commitment for all those in the Church who exercise a ministry of authority. It is to move aside so that Christ may remain, to make oneself small so that he may be known and glorified (cf. Jn 3:30), to spend oneself to the utmost so that all may have the opportunity to know and love him.”

St. Gregory the Great (540–604)

In Pope Leo’s first Regina Caeli address in which he sang the famous Marian prayer in Latin, he also quoted St. Gregory the Great, who he said teaches people to “respond to the love of those who love them (Homily 14:3-6).”

St. Ephrem the Syrian (306–373)

In Pope Leo XIV’s speech to the Eastern Catholic Churches, he cited the writings of several Eastern Church Fathers, among them St. Ephrem the Syrian, who is a theologian venerated in both the Catholic Church and Orthodox churches, especially in Syriac Christianity.

Pope Leo said: “Together, we can pray with St. Ephrem the Syrian and say to the Lord Jesus: ‘Glory to you, who laid your cross as a bridge over death… Glory to you who clothed yourself in the body of mortal man, and made it the source of life for all mortals’ (Homily on Our Lord, 9).”

St. Isaac of Nineveh (613–700)

Notably, Pope Leo also chose to quote St. Isaac of Nineveh, a seventh-century Assyrian bishop venerated across Christian traditions, whom Pope Francis added to the Roman Martyrology last November during a meeting with Mar Awa III, Catholicos-patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East.

Pope Leo XIV said: “We must ask, then, for the grace to see the certainty of Easter in every trial of life and not to lose heart, remembering, as another great Eastern Father wrote, that ‘the greatest sin is not to believe in the power of the Resurrection’ (St. Isaac Of Nineveh, Sermones ascetici, I, 5).”

St. Symeon the New Theologian (949–1022)

In his speech to the Eastern Churches, Pope Leo also quoted an Eastern Orthodox monk, St. Symeon the New Theologian, who is also venerated in the Byzantine Catholic Churches.  

The pope said that St. Symeon used an eloquent image: “‘Just as one who throws dust on the flame of a burning furnace extinguishes it, so the cares of this life and every kind of attachment to petty and worthless things destroy the warmth of the heart that was initially kindled’ (Practical and Theological Chapters, 63).”

St. John Paul II (1920–2005)

The new pope has not limited himself only to citing early Church Fathers. Pope Leo also echoed the famous words of St. John Paul II from the loggia of St. Peter’s Basilica: “Do not be afraid!”

John Paul II first spoke these words during his inaugural Mass on Oct. 22, 1978, saying: “Do not be afraid. Open wide the doors for Christ. To his saving power open the boundaries of states, economic and political systems, the vast fields of culture, civilization and development. Do not be afraid. Christ knows ‘what is in man.’ He alone knows it.” 

The Polish pontiff went on to repeat the phrase “Do not be afraid” many times throughout his pontificate.

Pope Leo XIV used the words in his first Regina Caeli address when discussing the need for prayer for more vocations among young people. “And to young people, I say: Do not be afraid! Accept the invitation of the Church and of Christ the Lord!” Pope Leo XIV said.

Pope Leo also quoted John Paul II in his speech to Eastern Catholic Churches, telling them: “Truly you have ‘a unique and privileged role as the original setting where the Church was born.’”

St. Paul VI (1897–1978)

In his May 10 speech to the cardinals who elected him, Pope Leo said: “Dear brothers, I would like to conclude the first part of our meeting by making my own — and proposing to you as well — the hope that St. Paul VI expressed at the inauguration of his Petrine ministry in 1963: ‘May it pass over the whole world like a great flame of faith and love kindled in all men and women of goodwill. May it shed light on paths of mutual cooperation and bless humanity abundantly, now and always, with the very strength of God, without whose help nothing is valid, nothing is holy’ (Message Qui Fausto Die addressed to the entire human family, 22 June 1963).”

St. Peter (first century)

It has been evident that Pope Leo has been doing a lot of praying and reflecting on the Petrine ministry and looking to past saint-popes for guidance. 

His first homily at his first Mass as pope focused on the relationship between St. Peter and Jesus, specifically Jesus’ question to St. Peter, “Who do you say that I am?” and Peter’s response: “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God” (Mt 16:16).

Pope Leo XIV also made the choice to offer one of his first private Masses in the crypt of St. Peter’s Basilica at the tomb of St. Peter on May 11.

Blessed Virgin Mary 

Pope Leo XIV also highlighted that he was elected on the day of the Prayer of Supplication to Our Lady of Pompeii. In his very first appearance as pope from the loggia of St. Peter’s Basilica, the new pope asked the crowd to pray a Hail Mary together with him before giving the solemn “urbi et orbi” blessing in Latin.

He said: “Today is the day of the Prayer of Supplication to Our Lady of Pompeii. Our Mother Mary always wants to walk at our side, to remain close to us, to help us with her intercession and her love. So I would like to pray together with you. Let us pray together for this new mission, for the whole Church, for peace in the world, and let us ask Mary, our Mother, for this special grace.”

One of his first surprises as pope was making a spontaneous pilgrimage to a Marian shrine outside of Rome, the Shrine of the Mother of Good Counsel in Genazzano, Italy.

“I wanted so much to come here in these first days of the new ministry that the Church has entrusted to me, to carry out this mission as the successor of Peter,” Leo told those present.

“As the Mother never abandons her children, you must also be faithful to the Mother,” he said.

The Cathedral of the Incarnation in Nashville, Tennessee. / Credit: Nheyob, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

CNA Staff, May 15, 2025 / 14:10 pm (CNA).

Catholics in Nashville, Tennessee, are calling for the release of a man arrested by immigration officials last week amid broad efforts by the federal government to curb illegal immigration. 

A petition started by Catholics there says Edgardo Campos was detained by a “joint operation” between Tennessee state troopers and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) on May 9. 

Campos was “violently pulled out of his car by ICE agents and arrested,” the petition says, alleging that the detainment was part of an immigration operation carried out under the guise of “traffic violations.”

The petition calls Campos “a beloved, respected, and irreplaceable servant of our community.” 

“Edgardo Campos is more than just a name to us — he is the heart of our parish,” it states. “For years, he has faithfully served in multiple ministries, always the first to arrive and the last to leave. He is known by all for his tireless dedication, constantly running up and down our church halls, making sure everything is in order, welcoming others, and offering a helping hand wherever needed.” 

“Edgardo does not simply attend church — he lives his faith in both word and action, and his presence is essential to our spiritual life,” it reads. 

The petition calls the arrest an “injustice,” a “personal attack against Edgardo,” and “a strike against our shared values and the fabric of our church family.”

The document calls for Campos’ release. “The community will not be the same without him — and we will not rest until he is free,” it states. 

Though arrested in part by ICE, it is unclear what Campos’ immigration status is. Reached on Thursday, the Putnam County Sheriff’s Office said Campos remains in custody with them but that he has an immigration detainer on file, meaning he may be transferred to ICE custody at some point.

Rick Musacchio, a spokesman for the diocese and the executive director of the Tennessee Catholic Conference, told CNA that Campos reportedly attended Our Lady of Guadalupe Parish in Nashville. 

That parish “is located in the area of the ICE enforcement action last week,” he said. 

“We are very concerned that the immigration enforcement activities in the Nashville area are going well beyond efforts to target individuals accused of serious and dangerous crimes, or those who have received final deportation orders through the immigration court system,” he said. 

“Concerns about the lack of due process under law for those picked up in the current environment are creating even greater fear within our communities, including the fear of being confronted or detained while attending Mass or other events at our parishes.”

Mass attendance at both Sagrado Corazon and Our Lady of Guadalupe, the two Spanish-peaking parishes in Nashville, “were both down about 50% this past weekend,” Musacchio said.

In December, Nashville Bishop J. Mark Spalding joined a statement with other bishops from Tennessee and Kentucky calling for “just and humane treatment of all migrants, including access to legal protections, and due process.” 

“The Church recognizes that basic human rights are based on the dignity of being created in the image and likeness of God,” the statement said. 

On May 13, meanwhile, the diocese on its website said that, due to the immigration enforcement activities in the area, “many of those in our diocese are concerned about possibly being confronted or detained while attending Mass or other parish events.”

As a result, “no Catholic is obligated to attend Mass on Sunday if doing so puts their safety at risk,” the diocese said. 

Dominican Father Thomas Joseph White reads the thesis of then-Father Robert Prevost, now Pope Leo XIV, titled “The Role of the Local Prior in the Order of St. Augustine,” which Prevost wrote while a student at Rome’s Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas in the early 1980s. / Credit: Zofia Czubak/EWTN News

Vatican City, May 15, 2025 / 13:25 pm (CNA).

Pope Leo XIV earned his doctorate in canon law from Rome’s Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas, where his thesis on the leadership of the Augustinian order may give insight into how the new pope will govern the Catholic Church, according to the university’s rector.

In an interview with EWTN News, Dominican Father Thomas Joseph White said he imagines that Leo XIV’s canon law formation will influence his governance as pope by providing “a balance between being consultative and making final decisions,” balance that would be familiar to Leo after 12 years of experience leading a religious order.

White, the university’s first American rector, also pointed out that both Pope John Paul II and Pope Leo XIV did their doctoral work at the Angelicum, as it’s commonly called: “For our university, it’s just an unspeakable honor that we’ve been involved in the formation of two of the last four popes.”

Leo studied for a canonical licentiate (the coursework for a doctorate) at the Angelicum from 1981 to 1983 after making his solemn vows in the Order of St. Augustine in August 1981. He was ordained a priest in June 1982, in the midst of his studies, and in 1985 he completed his doctorate with a thesis titled “The Role of the Local Prior in the Order of St. Augustine.”

According to White, Father Prevost’s thesis has a vision that could be extended beyond the Augustinian rule and the role of the order’s prior to be applied to the episcopacy, and even to the papacy.

“It’s a really mature work of a 30-year-old who’s extremely learned, very well read, and deeply thoughtful and spiritual,” the Dominican said.

The thesis, he explained, reflects “on obedience and authority in the Catholic Church and the communal nature of shared life, or communion of persons, the respect of conscience, the respect of the human persons, gifts, the talents of the brethren, and also the limitations or sufferings of the brethren, and how the prior is supposed to refer himself to Christ and to the rule, and cultivate a selfless way of life for the service of the common good of all.”

The pope’s doctoral writing also explores, according to White, how the superior of a religious order must respect the consciences of the order’s members, working with the freedom of each person while ultimately having “the responsibility to make final decisions and to assure the communion and unity of the group in question.”

Then-Father Prevost studied at the Angelicum during what White called “the golden age of our canon law faculty.” The university’s canon law professors in the early ’80s helped Pope John Paul II prepare and edit the 1983 Code of Canon Law, which is still in effect today.

He said what is evident from the future pope’s thesis is that he learned a theory of obedience where “obedience is something exerted through the life of the mind, open to the truth of the faith, the truth indicated by the rule of life, and the will is to consent freely by understanding a shared truth the community wants to live together.”

The rector called it a balanced but “demanding version of obedience,” very respectful of people in the context of a shared set of goals based on the truths of the Catholic faith.

“So his Dominican vision of obedience, if I could put it that way, and his study as a canonist in the Augustinian friars, that’s something that probably is really deep in him and probably very helpful,” White noted.

The topic of Pope Leo XIV’s thesis on the prior general of the Augustinians later became of greater practical significance when then-Father Prevost was himself elected prior general in 2001, leading the order until 2013.

“It’s really interesting,” White noted, “how God prepared him for this kind of task of being a leader in the Catholic Church who’s respectful of [everyone].”

null / Credit: Sach336699/Shutterstock

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, May 15, 2025 / 12:00 pm (CNA).

When Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost was elected supreme pontiff of the Catholic Church on May 8, he chose the name Leo XIV in part, he said a few days later, to honor Leo XIII and his historical encyclical Rerum Novarum, a foundational document in Catholic social teaching that addressed the challenges of the industrial revolution. Now, the new pope says, it can help us, along with the full body of social teaching, to navigate the developments of artificial intelligence.

Today, on the 134th anniversary of the release of Rerum Novarum — published May 15, 1891 — CNA takes a look at the significance of this encylical.

As European society was grappling with the impact of the industrial revolution and the rise of socialist ideology in the late 1800s, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal encyclical that expressed empathy with the discontentment of laborers but outright condemnation of the socialist movements of the time.

The encyclical emphasizes a need for reforms to protect the dignity of the working class while maintaining a relationship with capital and the existence of private property.

The message was promulgated fewer than 50 years after Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published “The Communist Manifesto” in 1848 and after Pope Pius IX denounced both socialism and communism in his 1849 encyclical Nostis et Nobiscum.

Pope Leo XIII’s teachings can still help inform readers on the proper relationship between labor and capital.

Leo XIII writes of a “great mistake” embraced by the socialist-leaning labor movements, which is the notion that “class is naturally hostile to class” and “wealthy and the working men are intended by nature to live in mutual conflict.”

This view, he asserts, is “so false … that the direct contrary is the truth.”

“It [is] ordained by nature that these two classes should dwell in harmony and agreement, so as to maintain the balance of the body politic,” Leo XIII teaches. “Each needs the other: Capital cannot do without labor, nor labor without capital.”

The pontiff, who reigned from 1878 until his death in 1903, saw a need “in drawing the rich and the working class together” amid the strife brewing between these groups throughout the continent. 

This can be done, he said, by “reminding each of its duties to the other” and “of the obligations of justice.”

For the laborer, this includes a duty “fully and faithfully to perform the work which has been freely and equitably agreed upon” and to never destroy property, resort to violence, or riot to achieve a goal.

For the wealthy owner, this includes a duty to “respect in every man his dignity as a person ennobled by Christian character” and to never “misuse men as though they were things in the pursuit of gain or to value them solely for their physical powers.”

“The employer is bound to see that the worker has time for his religious duties; that he be not exposed to corrupting influences and dangerous occasions; and that he be not led away to neglect his home and family or to squander his earnings,” Leo XIII says.

Leo XIII contends that employers must pay workers the whole of their wages and workers must do all of the work to which they agreed. But, in the context of wages, he adds that this “is not complete” because workers must be able to support themselves and their families.

“Wages ought not to be insufficient to support a frugal and well-behaved wage-earner,” Leo XIII writes. “... If a workman’s wages be sufficient to enable him comfortably to support himself, his wife, and his children, he will find it easy, if he be a sensible man, to practice thrift, and he will not fail, by cutting down expenses, to put by some little savings and thus secure a modest source of income.”

In certain cases, Leo XIII encourages the intervention of government, such as when “employers laid burdens upon their workmen which were unjust,” when “conditions [were] repugnant to their dignity as human beings,” and when “health were endangered by excessive labor.” He adds that such interventions should not “proceed further than [what] is required for the remedy of the evil.”

Leo XIII also expresses support for “societies for mutual help” and “workingmen’s unions” but also exerts caution against any associations that promote values contrary to Catholic teaching. He encourages the creation of associations that are rooted in Catholic teaching.

The pontiff says there is much agreement “that some opportune remedy must be found quickly for the misery and wretchedness pressing so unjustly on the majority of the working class.” Yet, he accuses socialists of “working on the poor man’s envy of the rich” to “do away with private property” and turn “individual possessions” into “the common property of all, to be administered by the state or by municipal bodies.”

“Their contentions are so clearly powerless to end the controversy that were they carried into effect the working man himself would be among the first to suffer,” Leo XIII says. “They are, moreover, emphatically unjust, for they would rob the lawful possessor, distort the functions of the state, and create utter confusion in the community.”

Using this remedy to resolve poor conditions for the laborer, the pontiff contends, “is manifestly against justice” because “every man has by nature the right to possess property as his own.” He further argues that government intrusion into the rights of property and the right to provide for one’s family is “a great and pernicious error.”

“That right to property … [must] belong to a man in his capacity of head of a family; nay, that right is all the stronger in proportion as the human person receives a wider extension in the family group,” Leo XIII says. “It is a most sacred law of nature that a father should provide food and all necessaries for those whom he has begotten; and, similarly, it is natural that he should wish that his children, who carry on, so to speak, and continue his personality, should be by him provided with all that is needful to enable them to keep themselves decently from want and misery amid the uncertainties of this mortal life.”

Rerum Novarum set the foundations of Catholic social teaching about labor. Other popes have since built on the teachings laid out in the encyclical, including Pope Pius XI’s 1931 encyclical Quadragesimo Anno on the 40th anniversary of Leo XIII’s writing and Pope John Paul II’s 1981 encyclical Laborem Exercens on the 90th anniversary.

This story was first published on Sept. 2, 2024, and was updated on May 15, 2025.

Camp IdRaHaJe in Colorado on May 12, 2025, field a lawsuit against the state government over a state rule allowing males who identify as girls to be given access to girls’ showers, dressing areas, and sleeping facilities. / Credit: Photo courtesy of Camp IdRaHaJe

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, May 15, 2025 / 11:00 am (CNA).

A Christian summer camp network is suing the Colorado government over a state rule allowing males who identify as girls to be given access to girls’ showers, dressing areas, and sleeping facilities.

Camp IdRaHaJe — which separates private facilities on the basis of sex rather than self-asserted “gender identity” — filed the federal lawsuit against Colorado’s Department of Early Childhood on Monday.

The camp, which derives its name from the 1922 Christian hymn “I’d Rather Have Jesus,” is protesting a regulation that requires access to gender-separated showers, sleeping facilities, changing rooms, and bathrooms in all children’s resident camps on the basis of “an individual’s gender identity” even when the gender identity is different from his or her biological sex.

The lawsuit notes that the camps believe and teach that God “has immutably created each person as either male or female in his image” and that “the differentiation of the sexes, male and female, is part of the divine image in the human race.” 

It adds that the camps’ beliefs, including its beliefs on biological sex, are integrated into all of its programs and operations.

Camp IdRaHaJe requested an exemption from the state rule because it conflicts with its religious beliefs and mission, but the department denied the request. The department’s rules generally allow for individualized exemptions to “any rule or standard” if it poses “an undue hardship” on any camp, but the government determined the religious objection did not qualify.

If the camps do not comply with the rule, their licenses could be revoked or suspended and they could face fines. According to the lawsuit, the camps open on June 8 and will not operate in compliance with these rules. The camps also need to certify compliance with all departmental rules to have their licenses renewed in June, which the lawsuit asserts they will not be able to do.

The camp network is asking the federal judge to immediately prevent the department from enforcing the rule against its camps, arguing that any enforcement would violate the group’s First Amendment right to the free exercise of religion. 

The lawsuit also contends that the rule infringes on the 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause, which safeguards the rights of protected classes, including those defined by religion.

“Those regulations would require the camp to violate its religious beliefs by altering its policies and operations that are based on its religious beliefs about sexuality and gender,” states the lawsuit, which was filed on behalf of the camp by lawyers at Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF).

Camp IdRaHaJe has operated since 1948 and was established for “the purpose of winning souls to Jesus Christ through the spreading of the Gospel,” the “edifying … of the believers through the preaching and teaching of the Word of God,” and the “evangelizing of campers through witnessing and missions,” according to its website.

The camp network serves children between the ages of 6 and 17. The camps are attended by about 2,500 to 3,000 children every summer.

Many families “choose to send their children to IdRaHaJe camps because of their Christian programs and education,” according to the lawsuit.

Andrea Dill, who serves as legal counsel for ADF, said in a statement that the government “has no place telling religious summer camps that it’s ‘lights out’ for upholding their religious beliefs about human sexuality.” 

“Camp IdRaHaJe exists to present the truth of the Gospel to children who are building character and lifelong memories,” Dill continued. 

“But the Colorado government is putting its dangerous agenda — that is losing popularity across the globe — ahead of its kids. We are urging the court to allow IdRaHaJe to operate as it has for over 75 years: as a Christian summer camp that accepts all campers without fear of being punished for its beliefs,” she said.